CLASSICAL
LITERATURE SEMINAR #16
DATE:
11 December 2006
TOPIC:
Histology and Physiology of the Pulpodentinal Complex
CHAIRPERSON:
LT HAWLEY
SEMINAR
OBJECTIVE: Each resident should understand the histology and physiology of the
dentin and dental pulp in order to understand the functions and reactions of
the pulpodentinal complex during homeostasis and pathosis.
MAIN
POINTS: At the conclusion of the seminar, each resident should:
MP
#1-Describe the embryologic origins of teeth and the different stages of tooth
development.
MP
#2-Know the cellular and intercellular elements of the dental pulp.
MP
#3-Relate the histologic appearance of each element of the dental pulp.
MP
#4-Describe the physical and physiologic functions of each element of the
dental pulp.
MP
#5-Know the interdependence of cellular and intercellular elements of the
dental pulp.
GENERAL
READINGS:All residents should review and be prepared to discuss the following
text and literature references.
Byers
MR, Narhi MVO. Nerve supply of the pulpodentin complex and responses to injury.
In: Hargreaves KM, Goodis HE, eds. Seltzer and Bender’s dental pulp. 4th
ed. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc, 2002:151-79.
D’Souza
R. Development of the pulpodentin complex. In: Hargreaves KM, Goodis HE, eds.
Seltzer and Bender’s dental pulp. 4th ed. Chicago: Quintessence
Publishing Co, Inc, 2002:13-40.
Eisenmann
DR. Amelogenesis. In: Ten Cate R, ed. Oral histology – development, structure,
and function. 5th ed. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc., 1998:197-217.
Fouad
AF. Molecular mediators of pulpal inflammation. In: Hargreaves KM, Goodis HE,
eds. Seltzer and Bender’s dental pulp. 4th ed. Chicago: Quintessence
Publishing Co, Inc, 2002:247-80.
Goodis
HE. History of pulp biology. In: Hargreaves KM, Goodis HE, eds. Seltzer and
Bender’s dental pulp. 4th ed. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co,
Inc, 2002:1-11.
Hargreaves
KM. Pain mechanisms of the pulpodentin complex. In: Hargreaves KM, Goodis HE,
eds. Seltzer and Bender’s dental pulp. 4th ed. Chicago: Quintessence
Publishing Co, Inc, 2002:181-203.
Kim
S, Trowbridge H, Suda H. Pulpal reaction to caries and dental procedures. In:
Cohen S, Burns RC, eds. Pathways of the pulp. 8th ed. St Louis:
Mosby, Inc., 2002:573-602.
Okiji
T. Pulp as a connective tissue. In: Hargreaves KM, Goodis HE, eds. Seltzer and
Bender’s dental pulp. 4th ed. Chicago: Quintessence Publishing Co,
Inc, 2002:95-122.
Pashley
DH, Walton RE, Slavkin HC. Histology and physiology of the dental pulp. In:
Ingle JI, Bakland LK, eds. Endodontics. 5th ed. Hamilton, Ont: BC
Decker Inc, 2002:25-61.
Suda
H, Ikeda H. The circulation of the pulp. In: Hargreaves KM, Goodis, eds.
Seltzer and Bender’s dental pulp. 4th ed. Chicago: Quintessence
Publishing Co, Inc, 2002:123-50.
Ten
Cate AR. Dentinogenisis. In: Ten Cate AR, ed. Oral histology – development,
structure, and function. 5th ed. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc.,
1998:128-49.
Ten
Cate AR. Development of the tooth and its supporting structures. In: Ten Cate
AR, ed. Oral histology – development, structure, and function. 5th
ed. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc., 1998:78-103.
Torneck
CD. Dentin-pulp complex. In: Ten Cate AR, ed. Oral histology – development,
structure, and function. 5th ed. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc.,
1998;150-96.
Torneck
CD, Torabinejad M. Biology of the dental pulp and periradicular tissues. In:
Walton RE, Torabinejad M, eds. Principles and practice of endodontics. 3rd
ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 2002:3-22.
Pashley
DH, Liewehr FR. Structure and functions of the dentin and pulp complex. In:
Cohen S, Hargreaves KM, eds. Pathways of the pulp. 9th ed. St Louis:
Mosby, Inc., 2006:460.
Trowbridge
HO. Histology of pulpal inflammation. In: Hargreaves KM, Goodis HE, eds.
Seltzer and Bender’s dental pulp. 4th ed. Chicago: Quintessence
Publishing Co, Inc, 2002:227-45.
Gharai
S. Microvasculature of the pulp. Special Report. Naval Postgraduate Dental
School, Bethesda, MD. June 2002.
Hofmann
BH. The non-collagenous dentin matrix
proteins and the biomineralization of dentin.
Special Report. Naval Postgraduate Dental School, Bethesda, MD. January 2003.
Strimer,
A. Antigen presentation. Special Report, Naval Postgraduate Dental School,
Bethesda, MD. October 1999.
Aubin
JE. New immunological approach to studying the odontoblast. J Dent Res 1985;64
(Spec. Issue):515-22.
Bartold
PM, Schlagenhauf U. Localization of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate
in human dental pulp - an immunohistochemical study. Int Endod J 1995;28:19-24.
Berggreen
E, Heyerass KJ. The role of sensory neuropeptides and nitric oxide on pulpal
blood flow and tissue pressure in the ferret. J Dent Res 1999;78:1535-43.
Bernick
S. Lymphatic vessels of the human dental pulp. J Dent Res 1977;56:70-7.
Beveridge
EE, Brown AC. The measurement of human dental intra-pulpal pressure and its
response to clinical variables. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1965;19:655-68.
Bishop
MA, Malhotra M. An investigation of lymphatic vessels in the feline dental
pulp. Am J Anat 1990;187:247-53.
Butler
WT, Ritchie H. The nature and functional significance of dentin extracellular
matrix proteins. Int J Dev Biol 1995;39:169-79.
Byers
MR, Newhaus SJ, Gehrig JD. Dental sensory receptor structure in human teeth.
Pain 1982;13:221-35.
Cutright
DE, Bhaskar SN. Pulpal vasculature as demonstrated by a new method. Oral Surg
Oral Med Oral Pathol 1969;27:678-83.
Esposito
P, Varvara G, Caputi S, Perinetti G. Catalase activity in human healthy and inflamed
dental pulps. Int Endod J 2003;36:599-603.
Fristad
I, Heyeraas KJ, Kvinnsland I. Nerve fibres and cells immunoreactive to
neurochemical markers in developing rat molars and supporting tissues. Arch
Oral Biol 1994;39:633-46.
Goodis
HE, Winthrop V, White JM. Pulpal responses to cooling tooth temperatures. J
Endod 2000;26:263-7.
Hengartner
MO. The biochemistry of apoptosis. Nature 2000;407:770-6.
Heyeraas
KJ. Pulpal hemodynamics and interstitial fluid pressure: balance of
transmicrovascular fluid transport. J Endod 1989;15:468-72.
Holt
KG, Eleazer PD, Scheetz, JP. Wet and dry deep cavity preparations compared by a
novel odontoblast culture technique. J Endod 2001;27:103-6.
Itoh
K. The distribution of nerves in human deciduous and permanent teeth. Arch
Histol Jpn 1976;39:379-99.
Johnsen
DC. Innervation of teeth: qualitative, quantitative, and developmental
assessment. J Dent Res 1985;64(Special Issue):555-63.
Kitamura
C, Terashita M. Expressions of c-jun and jun-B proto-oncogenes in
odontoblasts
during development of bovine tooth germs. J Dent Res 1997;76:822-30.
Kramer
IRH. The vascular architecture of the human dental pulp. Arch Oral Biol 1969;
2:177-89.
Mjor
IA, Svenn OB, Heyeraas KJ. Pulp-dentin biology in restorative dentistry. Part
I: normal structure and physiology. Quintessence Int 2001;32:427-46.
Moss-Salentijn
L, Hendricks-Klyvert M. Calcified structures in human dental pulps. J Endod
1988;14:184-9.
Murray
P, About I, Lumley P, Franquin J, Remusat M, Smith A. Human odontoblast cell
numbers after dental injury. J Dent 2000;28:277-85.
Okamura
K, Kobayashi I, Matsuo K, Taniguchi K, Ishibashi Y, Izumi T, Sakai H.
Ultrastructure of the neuromuscular junction of vasomotor nerves in the
microvasculature of human dental pulp. Arch Oral Biol 1994;39:171-6.
Pohto
P, Antila R. Innervation of blood vessels in the dental pulp. Int Dent J
1972;22:228-39.
Ruch
JV. Odontoblast differentiation and the formation of the odontoblast layer. J
Dent Res 1985;64(Special Issue):489-98.
Sloan
AJ, Rutherford RB, Smith AJ. Stimulation of the rat dentine-pulp complex by
bone morphogenetic protein-7 in vitro. Arch Oral Biol 2000;45:173-7.
Spoto
G, Fioroni M, Rubini C, Tripodi D, Di Stillo M, Piattelli A. Alkaline
phosphatase activity in normal and inflamed dental pulps. J Endod
2001;27:180-2.
Thesleff
I. Genetic basis of tooth development and dental defects. Acta Odontol Scand
2000;58:191-4.
Thomas
HF. The extent of the odontoblast process in human dentin. J Dent Res
1979;58:2207-18.
Thomas
HF. The lamina limitans of human dentinal tubules. J Dent Res 1984;63:1064-66.
Tziafas
D. Mechanisms controlling secondary initiation of dentinogenesis: a review. Int
Endod J 1994;27:61-74.
Ueki
S, Iwai-Liao Y, Han K, Higashi Y. Histological study of the circulatory system
of human dental pulp from individuals under local anesthesia and
electro-acupuncture. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 1995;71:335-43.
Van
Hassel HJ. Physiology of the human dental pulp. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol
1971;32:126-35.
Wakisaka
S. Neuropeptides in the dental pulp: distribution, origins, and correlation. J
Endod 1990;16:67-9.
SEMINAR
ASSIGNMENTS: All residents should review and prepare abstracts for the assigned
articles and be prepared to discuss the following literature references.
LCDR
SAITO
Fitzgerald
M, Chiego DJ, Heys DR. Autoradiographic analysis of odontoblast replacement
following pulp exposure in primate teeth. Arch Oral Biol 1990;35:707-15.
Holland
GR. The odontoblast process: form and function. J Dent Res 1985;64(Special
Issue):499-514.
Ranly
DM, Thomas HF, Chen J, MacDougall M. Osteocalcin expression in young and aged
dental pulps as determined by RT-PCR. J Endod 1997;23:374-7.
Thesleff
I, Vaahtokari A. The role of growth factors in determination and
differentiation of the odontoblast cell lineage. Proc Finn Dent Soc
1992;88:357-68.
LCDR
BLANSCET
Kim
S, Dorscher-Kim J. Hemodynamic regulation of the dental pulp in a low
compliance environment. J Endod 1989;15:404-8.
Murray
PE, Stanley HR, Matthews JB, Sloan AJ, Smith AJ. Age-related odontometric
changes of human teeth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod
2002;93:474-82.
Ohazama
A, Modino SAC, Miletich I, Sharpe PT. Stem-cell-based tissue engineering of
murine teeth. J Dent Res 2004;83:518-22.
Thomas
HF. The dentin-predentin complex and its permeability; anatomical overview. J
Dent Res 1985;64(Special Issue):607-12.
LT
JACK
Kitasako
Y, Shibata S, Cox CF, Tagami J. Location, arrangement and possible function of
interodontoblastic collagen fibres in association with calcium
hydroxide-induced hard tissue bridges. Int Endod J 2002;35:996-1004.
Koling
A. Structural relationships in the human odontoblast layer as demonstrated by
freeze-fracture electron microscopy. J Endod 1988;14:239-46.
Linde
A. The extracellular matrix of the dental pulp and dentin. J Dent Res
1985;64(Special Issue):523-9.
Turner
DF. Immediate physiological response of odontoblasts. Proc Finn Dent Soc
1992;88:55-63.
LT
JOHN
Mangkornkarn
C, Steiner JC. In vivo and in vitro glycosamino-glycans from human dental pulp.
J Endod 1992;18:327-31.
Sigal
MJ, Pitaru S, Aubin JE, Ten Cate AR. A combined scanning electron microscopy
and immunofluorescence study demonstrating that the odontoblast process extends
to the dentinoenamel junction in human teeth. Anat Rec 1984;210:453-62.
Tonder
KJH, Kvinnsland I. Micropuncture measurements of interstitial fluid pressure in
normal and inflamed dental pulp in cats. J Endod 1983;9:105-9.
Yoshiba
N, Yoshiba K, Nakamura H, Iwaku M, Ozawa H. A Confocal laser scanning microscopic
study of the immunofluorescent
localization of fibronectin in the odontoblast layer of human teeth.
Arch Oral Biol 1994;39:395-9.
LT
HORAN
Graham
L, Cooper PR, Cassidy N, Nor JE, Sloan AJ, Smith AJ. The effect of calcium
hydroxide on solubilisation of bio-active dentine matrix components.
Biomaterials 2006;27:2865-73.
Inoue
H, Kurosaka Y, Abe K. Autonomic nerve endings in the odontoblast/predentin
border and predentin of the canine teeth of dogs. J Endod 1992;18:149-51.
Narhi
M, Jyvasjarvi E, Virtanen A, Huopaniemi T, Ngassapa D, Hiroven T. Role of
intradental A- and C-type nerve fibers in dental pain mechanisms. Proc Finn
Dent Soc 1992;88:507-16.
Pashley
DH. Mechanistic analysis of fluid distribution across the pulpodentin complex.
J Endod 1992;18:72-5.
LCDR
GUISE
Farnoush
A. Mast cells in human dental pulp. J Endod 1984;10:250-2.
Kardos
TB, Hunter AR, Hanlin SM, Kirk EE. Odontoblast differentiation: a response to
environmental calcium? Endod Dent Traumatol 1998;14:105-11.
Ohazama
A, Courtney JM, Sharpe PT. Opg Rank and Rankl in tooth development:
co-ordinationof odontogenesis and osteogenesis. J Dent Res 2004;83:241-4.
Takahashi
K, Kishi Y, Kim S. A scanning electron microscope study of the blood vessels of
dog pulp using corrosion resin casts. J Endod 1982;8:131-5.
LCDR
GNAU
Inoue
H, Muneyuki H, Izumi T, Taguchi K, Nishigawa Y, Watanabe K, Ohkawa Y, Tamura N.
Electron microscopic study on nerve terminals during dentin bridge formation
after pulpotomy in dog teeth. J Endod 1997;23:569-71.
Kim
S. Neurovascular interactions in the dental pulp in health & inflammation.
J Endod 1990;16:48-53.
Olgart
LM, Edwall B, Gazelius B. Neurogenic mediators in control of pulpal blood flow.
J Endod 1989;15:409-12.
Trantor
IR, Messer HH, Birner R. The effects of neuropeptides (calcitonin gene-related
peptide and substance P) on cultured human pulp cells. J Dent Res
1995;74:1066-71.
LT
CHESLER
Carrigan
PJ, Morse DR, Furst ML, Sinai IH. A scanning electron microscopic evaluation of
human dentinal tubules according to age and location. J Endod 1984;10:359-63.
Kim
S. Regulation of pulpal blood flow. J Dent Res 1985;64(Special Issue):590-6.
Nair
PNR. Neural elements in dental pulp and dentin. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol
Oral Radiol Endod 1995;80:710-9.
Stanley
HR, White CL, McCray L. The rate of tertiary (reparative) dentin formation in
the human tooth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1966;21:108-89.
ADDITIONAL
READINGS:These references have appeared in past General Readings or as
abstracted articles. They are archived
in this seminar for historical purposes and to enhance General Readings. Although they will not be reviewed during the
seminar, all residents are encouraged to read these papers.
Bartold
PM, Moule AJ, Li H, Rigby P. Isolation and characterization of the
proteoglycans synthesized by adult human pulp fibroblasts in vitro. Int Endod J
1995;28:163-71.
Ibutki
T, Kido MA, Kiyoshima T, Tereda Y, Tanaka T. An ultrastructural study of the
relationship between sensory trigeminal nerves and odontoblasts in rat
dentin/pulp as demonstrated by the anterogrtade transport of WGA-HARP. J Dent
Res 1996;75:1963-70.
Shuttleworth
CA, Berry L, Kielty CM. Microfibrillar components in dental pulp: presence of
both type VI collagen and fibrillin-containing microfibrils. Arch Oral Biol
1992;37:1079-84.
Weinstock
M, Leblond CP. Synthesis, migration and release of precursor collagen by
odontoblasts as visualized by radioautography after 3H-proline administration.
J Cell Biol 1974;60:92.